What is a primary limitation of qualitative research?

• A. Large sample sizes
• B. Statistical power
• C. Generalizability beyond the sample
• D. Lack of generalizability

Answer: (D)

Qualitative research prioritizes depth and context over broad generalization. A primary limitation is the lack of generalizability beyond the studied sample. Because these studies use small, purposefully selected groups and are tied to specific settings, the findings reflect those particular circumstances rather than a population-wide pattern. Researchers address this by providing thick descriptions and discussing transferability—helping readers judge whether the insights apply to similar contexts—rather than making wide generalizations based on statistical evidence. The other choices point to features of quantitative work—large sample sizes and statistical power—which are not characteristics of qualitative methods and do not describe its limitations.